The Effectiveness of the Outdoor Learning Activity (OLA) Model Based on Javanese Culture in Improving Children's Working Memory
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf20251402Keywords:
Outdoor Learning Activity, Javanese Culture, Working MemoryAbstract
Introduction: This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the Outdoor Learning Activity (OLA) model based on Javanese culture in improving children's working memory (WM) and to identify the differences in working memory achievements in each OLA activity implemented, including Kubro Siswo dance, Engklek, and fun cooking.
Methods: The research used a Pre-test and Post-test Nonequivalent Control Group Design with 171 subjects from the control group, experimental group 1, and experimental group 2. Data collection was conducted using a working memory test, and the data analysis used was one-way ANOVA and N-Gain Score.
Results: The N-Gain scores for Experimental Group 1 and Experimental Group 2 reached 77.29 and 80.50, respectively, greater than 76. The average working memory achievement in each OLA activity shows Engklek at 47.03, Kubro Siswo dance at 45.65, and Fun Cooking at 44.24.
Conclusions: The research results show that the N-Gain score >76, indicating that the Javanese culture-based OLA model is effective in improving children's working memory. It is concluded that the Engklek treatment is the OLA treatment with the highest average working memory score, followed by the Kubro Siswo dance treatment and lastly the Fun Cooking treatment.
References
1. Yoleri S. The relationship between temperament, gender, and behavioural problems in preschool children. South African J Educ. 2014;34(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15700/201412071206
2. Chi SA, Kim SH, Kim HJ. Problem behaviours of kindergartners: The affects of children’s cognitive ability, creativity, and self-esteem. South African J Educ. 2016;36(1):1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v36n1a1177
3. Nurani Y. Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak usia Dini. Keempat. Jakarta: PT Indeks; 2011.
4. Doherty A, Forés Miravalles A. Physical Activity and Cognition: Inseparable in the Classroom. Front Educ. 2019;4(September). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00105
5. WHO. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia. 2018.
6. Stone MR, Faulkner GEJ. Outdoor play in children: Associations with objectively-measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and weight status. Prev Med (Baltim) [Internet]. 2014;65:122–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.05.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.05.008
7. Castelli DM, Hillman CH, Hirsch J, Hirsch A, Drollette E. FIT Kids: Time in target heart zone and cognitive performance. Prev Med (Baltim) [Internet]. 2011;52(SUPPL.):S55. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.019
8. Van der Niet AG, Hartman E, Smith J, Visscher C. Modeling relationships between physical fitness, executive functioning, and academic achievement in primary school children. Psychol Sport Exerc [Internet]. 2014;15(4):319–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.02.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.02.010
9. Erickson KI, Hillman CH, Kramer AF. Physical activity, brain, and cognition. Curr Opin Behav Sci [Internet]. 2015;4:27–32. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.01.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.01.005
10. Mandolesi L, Polverino A, Montuori S, Foti F, Ferraioli G, Sorrentino P, et al. Effects of physical exercise on cognitive functioning and wellbeing: Biological and psychological benefits. Front Psychol. 2018;9(APR):1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00509
11. Diamond A. Executive functions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2013;64:135–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
12. Blair C, Razza RP. Relating Effortful Control, Executive Function, and False Belief Understand... Child Dev [Internet]. 2007;78(2):647–63. Available from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy-iup.klnpa.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=be96dddc-40b5-4e9a-916c-4065f92670dc%40sessionmgr102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01019.x
13. Pascual AC, Moyano N, Robres AQ. The relationship between executive functions and academic performance in primary education: Review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2019;10(JULY). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01582
14. de Greeff JW, Bosker RJ, Oosterlaan J, Visscher C, Hartman E. Effects of physical activity on executive functions, attention and academic performance in preadolescent children: a meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport [Internet]. 2018;21(5):501–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.595 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.595
15. Best JR, Miller PH. A Developmental Perspective on Executive Function. Child Dev. 2010;81(6):1641–1660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01499.x
16. Alloway TP, Gathercole, S. E. &, Pickering SJ. Verbal and visuospatial short-term and working mem- ory in children: Are they separable? Child Development. Child Dev. 2006;(77):1698–1716. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00968.x
17. Huizinga M, Dolan C V., Van der Molen MW. Age-related change in executive function: Developmental trends and a latent variable analysis. Neuropsychologia. 2006;(44):2017–2036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.010
18. Gathercole SE, Baddeley AD. Working Memory ang Language. Psycology Press. New York: Psycology Press; 2009.
19. Garon N, Bryson SE, Smith IM. Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework. Psychol Bull. 2008;(134):31–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.31
20. Gathercole, S. E. P, Kering SJ, Ambridge, B. &, Wearing H. The structure of working memory from 4 to 15 years of age. Dev Psychol. 2004;(40):177–190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.177
21. Baddeley A. Working memory and language: An overview. J Commun Disord. 2003;36(3):189–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9924(03)00019-4
22. Chai WJ, Abd Hamid AI, Abdullah JM. Working memory from the psychological and neurosciences perspectives: A review. Front Psychol. 2018;9(MAR):1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00401
23. Ormrod JE. Educational Psycology Developing Learners. Sixth Edit. University of Northern Colorado: Pearson; 2009. 274–283 p.
24. Almakuchukov K, Momunbaeva N, Kyzy NT. Specific features of constructing the memory and identity politics in modern Kyrgyzstan. Salud, Cienc y Tecnol - Ser Conf. 2024;3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf20241086
25. Cosco, N., Moore, R. and WS. Childcare Outdoor Renovation as a Built Environment Health Promotion Strategy: Evaluating the Preventing Obesity by Design Intervention. Am J Heal Promot. 2014;28(3):s27–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.130430-QUAN-208
26. Healy JM. Failure to Connect: How Comput- ers Affect Our Children’s Minds- For Better and Worse. New York: Simon and Schuster.; 1998.
27. PNF BP&. Instrumen Penilaian Visitasi (IPV) PAUD Beserta Manualnya (Agenda: Pembekalan Asesor Akreditasi Tahap Visitasi Tahun 2021). Jakarta: BAN PAUD & PNF; 2021. 24 p.
28. Mora Pontiluis DJ, Muñoz Estrada ES, Mora Atencio E. Application of the classroom pedagogical project “Gestores de Convivencia y Paz” as a strategy for the formation of a culture of peace in children in the department of La Guajira. Salud, Cienc y Tecnol - Ser Conf. 2023;2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2023581
29. Pratiwi I. Eksistensi Kubro Siswo, Pendidikan Seni Tari Tradisional berbasis Kearifan Lokal yang Potensial di Sekolah Dasar Magelang, Jawa Tengah. J Chem Inf Model [Internet]. 2016; Available from: https://medium.com/@arifwicaksanaa/pengertian-use-case-a7e576e1b6bf
30. Mulyani N. Super Asyik Permainan Tradisional Indonesia. Uta P, editor. Yogyakarta: DIVA Press; 2016. 78 p.
31. Achroni D. Belajar dari Makanan Tradisional Jawa [Internet]. Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa. 2017. viii; 62. Available from: https://gln.kemdikbud.go.id/glnsite/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/8.-Isi-dan-Sampul-Belajar-dari-Makanan-Tradisional-Jawa.pdf
32. Gordon R, Scalise NR, Ramani GB. Give yourself a hand: The role of gesture and working memory in preschoolers’ numerical knowledge. J Exp Child Psychol [Internet]. 2021;208:105145. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105145
33. López-Vicente M, Garcia-Aymerich J, Torrent-Pallicer J, Forns J, Ibarluzea J, Lertxundi N, et al. Are Early Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Related to Working Memory at 7 and 14 Years of Age? J Pediatr [Internet]. 2017;188:35-41.e1. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.05.079 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.05.079
34. Hermahayu, Wimbarti S. Perkembangan Executive Functions Pada Anak Pra Sekolah Di Kota Magelang. E D U K A S I J Penelit Artik Pendidik. 2017;9(2):121–37.
35. Burriss K, Burriss L. Outdoor Play and Learning : Policy and Practice 1 Background : Why Go Out doors ? Int J Educ Policy Leadersh. 2011;6(8):1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22230/ijepl.2011v6n8a306
36. McFarland L, Shelby GL. Parents’ and early childhood educators’ attitudes and practices in relation to children’s outdoor risky play. Early Child Educ Journal, [Internet]. 2018;46(2):159-168. Available from: http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.gvsu.edu/10.1007/s10643-0170856-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0856-8
37. Ernst JA, Tornabene L. Preservice early childhood educators’ perceptions of outdoor settings as learning environments. Environ Educ Res. 2012;18(5):643–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.640749
38. Blair CB, Willoughby MT. Executive Functioning Protocol for pencil-paper version. Chapel Hill, NC: he Pennsylvania State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.; 2006.
39. Meltzer DE. The relationship between mathematics preparation and conceptual learning gains in physics: A possible “hidden variable” in diagnostic pretest scores. Am J Phys. 2002;70(12):1259–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1514215
40. Alexander K. Playtime is cancelled Par-ents Magazine. 1999;114–8.
41. Kieff J. The silencing of recess bells. Child- hood Educ. 2001;77:319-320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2001.10521659
42. Ernst JA. Early Childhood Nature Play: A Needs Assessment of Minnesota Licensed Childcare Providers. J Interpret Res. 2012;17(1):7–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/109258721201700102
43. Yıldırım G, Akamca GÖ. The effect of outdoor learning activities on the development of preschool children. South African J Educ. 2017;37(2):1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v37n2a1378
44. Ormrod JE. How We Think and Learn (Theoretical Perspectives and Practical Implications) [Internet]. Cambridge University Press; 2017. 50–71 p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316691458.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316691458
45. Pekerti. Metode Pengembangan Seni. Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka; 2008. 1.25.
46. Raiz IJ, Bisri MH. Bentuk Pertunjukan Tari Kubro Siswo Arjuno Mudho Desa Growong Kecamatan Tempuran Kabupaten Magelang. J Seni Tari [Internet]. 2018;7(1):81–90. Available from: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jst/article/view/22810/11323
47. Bella A. https://www.alodokter.com/hormon-endorfin-penghilang-stres-dan-pereda-rasa-sakit-alami. 2022. Mengenal Fungsi Hormon Endorfin dan Cara Memicunya.
48. Setiawan YIS, Djauhari T, Hanifwati A. Perbedaan Pengaruh Olahraga Terhadap Toleransi Stres Psikologis Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Saintika Med. 2017;8(2):109–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22219/sm.v8i2.4111
49. Debora. Mengenal Hormon Endorfin, Dapat Memberikan Rasa Bahagia yang Bisa Kurangi Sakit dan Stres. https://www.orami.co.id/magazine/hormon-endorfin. 2022;
50. Pertiwi DA, Fitroh SF, Mayangsari D. Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional Engklek Terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun. J PG-PAUD Trunojoyo J Pendidik dan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini. 2018;5(2):86–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/pgpaudtrunojoyo.v5i2.4883
51. Panggayuh HR, Pradhanawati A. Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Citra, Merek, dan Word Mouth Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Toko Getuk Eco Magelang. J Adm Bisnis [Internet]. 2017; Available from: ejournal3.undip.ac.id
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Khusnul Laely, Dimyati, Slamet Suyanto (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
