Teaching Beyond Degrees of Non-Teacher Education DOST Scholars: A Phenomenology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf20251510Keywords:
non-teacher education graduates, beyond degrees, DOST scholars, phenomenologyAbstract
Introduction :This study explores the experiences of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) scholars by examining the challenges of the profession, the multiple roles they fulfill, the skills they apply, and the support they receive in their professional development.
Methods: Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, the study examines the challenges, role expectations, skill applications, and support systems that shape their professional journeys. Ten non-teacher education graduates serving as Senior High School teachers were purposively selected and interviewed. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Through a phenomenological approach, the research identified several themes, including (1) teaching is a challenging profession, (2) teaching is a multiple-role task, (3) teaching requires learned skills, and (4) teaching requires support from others. Findings reveal that these teachers face significant challenges due to a lack of pedagogical training, lesson planning skills, and classroom management expertise. Additionally, they navigate multiple responsibilities, including administrative duties and out-of-field teaching assignments. Despite these difficulties, they utilize their collegiate learning, social and communication skills, and innovative strategies such as game-based learning to enhance student engagement. The study also highlights the crucial role of mentorship, coaching, and colleague collaboration in supporting their teaching effectiveness and professional development.
Conclusion: The narratives of the participants highlight the challenges, responsibilities, skill applications, and support systems that shape their professional journey. Findings reveal that teaching, while fulfilling, is a demanding profession requiring specific pedagogical competencies. The lack of formal training in pedagogy, lesson planning, and classroom management posed significant struggles, reinforcing the need for structured professional development programs for non-education graduates.
References
1. Education Graduates Teaching in Higher Education Institutions. Asian Journal of University Education. 2023;19(4), 759-767.https://ajue.uitm.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/13-Somosot.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v19i4.24837
2. Rotter, J. B. Social learning theory. In Expectations and Actions. Routledge. 2021; 241-260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003150879-12
3. Commission on Higher Education. Further amendments to CHED Memorandum No. 22, series of 2016 as amended by CMO No. 39, s. 2016: “Guidelines on the Start-up Grant for Foreign Studies Application and the Scholarships for Graduate Studies – Abroad for Higher Education Institute (HEI) Teaching and Non-Teaching Personnel under the K to 12 Transition Program”. Commission on Higher Education. 2016. https://chedro1.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/CMO-03-s-2017.pdf.
4. Department Order 8. Advanced Information on the Allocation and Deployment of New Teaching Positions from Kindergarten to Grade 12 for School Year 2022-2023. DepEd Region VIII. 2022. https://region8.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/RM-s2022-665.pdf
5. DepEd Order 8. Omnibus Clarification and Guidance on DepEd Order No. 007, S. 2023 and Other Matters on Hiring Arrangements of Teachers. DepEd Region VIII. (2023). https://region8.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/RM-s2023-729.pdf
6. Özgenel, M. & Mert, P. The Role of Teacher Performance in School Effectiveness,
7. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches. 2019;4(10):417-434. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35826/ijetsar.42
8. Creswell, J. W. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. 1998. Sage Publications, Inc.
9. Charner, I., & Medrich, E. Educator-Centered Instructional Coaching: What the Research Says. 2017. https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files
10. Bernard, H. (2013). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
11. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology. 2006; 3(2):77-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
12. Heinonen, N., Katajavuori, N., Murtonen, M., & Södervik, I. Short pedagogical training in supporting university teachers’ professional vision: A comparison of prospective and current faculty teachers. Instructional Science. 2023;51(2):201-229. doi:10.1007/s11251-022-09603-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-022-09603-7
13. Ha, H. T. L., Pham, A. T. K., Nguyen, H. T., & Duong, H. T. T. Training pedagogical skills: evaluation of lecturers and teacher training students at educational universities in Vietnam. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. 2021;17(12). doi:10.29333/ejmste/1141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/11418
14. Biku, T., Demas, T., Woldehawariat, N., Getahun, M., & Mekonnen, A. The effect of teaching without pedagogical training in St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2018;9:893–904. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S167944 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S167944
15. Kavenuke, P. S., & Muthanna, A. Teacher educators’ perceptions and challenges of using critical pedagogy: A case study of higher teacher education in Tanzania. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice. 2021;18(4). doi:10.53761/1.18.4.10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53761/1.18.4.10
16. Sumalinog, G. Lived experiences of the Filipino English teachers abroad: The drawbacks in focus. International Journal of Science and Research. 2022;11(2):41-47. https://shorturl.at/ZeMj0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21275/SR211113010609
17. Shulman, L. S. Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Journal of Education. 2013;93(3):1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002205741319300302
18. Sharplin, E.D. Reconceptualizing out-of-field teaching: Experiences of rural teachers in Western Australia. Educational research. 2014;56(1):97-110. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1029065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2013.874160
19. Atkinson, M., & Bregazzi, R. Planning for classroom teaching. South Sudan Medical Journal. 2022;15(4):152-155.https://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/archive/november-2022/planning-for-classroom-teaching.html DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v15i4.7
20. Burns, E. NCTQ: Blog: Part 1: Five habits that lead to ineffective teaching-and how to fix them. National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ). 2016. https://www.nctq.org/blog/Part-1:-Five-Habits-that-lead-to-ineffective-teachingand-how-to-fix-them
21. Hobbs, L., & Porsch, R. Teaching out-of-field: challenges for teacher education. European Journal of Teacher Education. 2021;44(5):601-610. doi:10.1080/02619768.2021.1985280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2021.1985280
22. Nga, P. T. T. An investigation into difficulties in designing lesson plans experienced by pre-service teachers at the University of Foreign Language Studies–The University of Danang. Borneo International Journal of Education (BIJE). 2021;2(1). https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/bije/article/view/4109
23. Sumalinog, G. Factors affecting the listening comprehension skills of the foreign students. International Review of Social Sciences. 2018;6(11): 611-617. https://shorturl.at/VfMkd
24. Bunghanoy, K. & Sumalinog, G. ESL students’ affective filter and language learning strategies in online classes. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teacher and Teacher Education. 2023;13(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol13.1.1.2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol13.1.1.2023
25. Srihidayanti, S., Desi, W. M. R., & Khainur, J. Teachers’ Difficulties in Lesson Planning: Designing and Implementing. Proceedings: The 62nd TEFLIN International Conference 2015.
26. Umoinyang, E.D., Akpan, G.S., & Ekpo, I.G. Influence of out-of-field teaching on teachers’ job performance. Knowledge Review. 2011;23(2):28-32.
27. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M., & Gardner, M. Effective teacher professional development. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. 2017. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/product-files/Effective_Teacher_Professional_Development_REPORT.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.54300/122.311
28. Siebert, C. J. Promoting Preservice Teachers’ Success in Classroom Management by Leveraging a Local Union's Resources: A Professional Development School Initiative. Education. 2005;125(3).https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ698817
29. Garwood, J. D., & Vernon-Feagans, L. Classroom management affects literacy development of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Journal of Special Education. 2020;53(3):171-180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402916651846 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402916651846
30. Seiz, J., & Kunter, M. Classroom management: Current research in the light of social psychology. Routledge International Handbook of Social Psychology of the Classroom. 2015:242-251.
31. Hermawan, & Olayiwola, M. M. (2024a). Online-Based Performance Report Service: An Effort to Reduce Teachers’ Administrative Workload. KnE Social Sciences. 2024;11-27. doi:10.18502/kss.v9i11.15753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i11.15753
32. Kim, K. -N. Teacher's administrative workload crowding out Instructional activities. Asia Pacific Journal of Education. 2019;1-19. doi:10.1080/02188791.2019.1572 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1572592
33. Grissom, J. A., Kalogrides, D., & Loeb, S. Using student test scores to measure principal performance. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 2015;37(1):3–28. doi:10.3102/0162373714523831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373714523831
34. Qian, M., & Clark, K. R. Game-based Learning and 21st Century Skills: A Review of Recent Research. Educational Technology Research and Development. 2016;64(6):1049–1068. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.023
35. Kola, A. & Sunday, O. A review of teacher self-efficacy, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and out-of-field teaching: focusing on Nigerian teachers. International Journal of Elementary Education.2015;4(3):80-85. doi:10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150403.15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijeedu.20150403.15
36. Suhendi, A., & . P. (2018) Constructivist Learning Theory: The Contribution to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. KnE Social Sciences. 2018:3(4), 87. doi:10.18502/kss.v3i4.1921 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i4.1921
37. Venezia, A., & Jaeger, L. Transitions from High School to College.The Future of Children. 2013;23(1):117–136. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23409491 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2013.0004
38. Kennedy, M. M. How Does Professional Development Enhance Teaching? Review of Educational Research. 2016;86(4):945-980.doi:10.3102/0034654315626800 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315626800
39. Duncheon, J. C., & Muñoz, J. Examining teacher perspectives on college readiness in an early college high school context. American Journal of Education. 2019;125(3):453–478. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1213998 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/702731
40. Ingersoll, R. M., & Strong, M. The impact of induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers: A critical review of the research. Review of Educational Research. 2011;81(2):201-233. doi:10.3102/0034654311403323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311403323
41. Baumert, J., Kunter, M., Blum, W., Brunner, M., Voss, T., Jordan, A.,& Tsai, Y. M. (2010). Teachers' mathematical knowledge, cognitive activation in the classroom, and student progress. American Educational Research Journal. 2010;47(1):133-180. doi:10.3102/000283120934515 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831209345157
42. Tanner, K., Chatman, L., & Allen, D. Approaches to cell biology teaching: Learning through the process of science. Cell Biology Education. 2003;5(1):1-7. doi:10.1187/cbe.03-03-0010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.03-03-0010
43. Lynch, S. A., & Simpson, C. G. Social Skills: Laying the Foundation for Success. Dimensions of Early Childhood. 2010;38(2):3-12.https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ945679
44. Goodman, R., & Burton, D. The Inclusion of Students with BESD in Mainstream Schools: Teachers’ Experiences of and Recommendations for Creating a Successful Inclusive Environment. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 15(3), 223–237. doi:10.1080/13632752.2010.497662 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2010.497662
45. Khan, A., Khan, S., Zia-Ul-Islam, S., & Khan, M. Communication skills of a teacher and its role in the development of the students’ academic success. 2017;8(1):18-21 https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1131770
46. McCroskey, J. C., & Richmond, V. P. Nonverbal behavior in interpersonal relations. Routledge. 2019.
47. Lieberman, D. A. (2012). What can we learn from playing interactive games?. In Playing video games. Routledge.2012;447-469.
48. Treiblmaier, H., Putz, L. M., & Lowry, P. B. (2018). Setting a definition, context, and theory-based research agenda for the gamification of non-gaming applications. Association for Information Systems Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction (THCI). 2018;10(3):129-163. doi:10.17705/1thci.00107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17705/1thci.00107
49. Lestari, T. W. Kahoot! And Quizizz: A Comparative Study On The Implementation Of E-Learning Application Toward Students’ Motivation. Karya Ilmiah Dosen. 2019;2(2). https://journal.stkippgritrenggalek.ac.id/index.php/kid/article/view/150
50. Pasamanero, C. Returning the favor: The return service of scholar-graduates. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews. 2022;3(6): 360-364 https://ijrpr.com/uploads/V3ISSUE6/IJRPR4711.pdf
51. Goddard, Y. L., Goddard, R. D., & Tschannen-Moran, M. A theoretical and empirical investigation of teacher collaboration for School Improvement and Student Achievement in Public Elementary Schools. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education. 2017;109(4):877–896. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810710900401 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810710900401
52. Kovacs, H., ThantSin, K. K., & Nurmukhanova, D. The essence of purposeful partnering: Qualitative research on institutional links within EDiTE. In School-University Partnership: Insights from an international doctorate program on teacher education. Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) – University of Szeged, Hungarian-Netherlands School of Educational Management (SZTE, KÖVI) Budapest. 2020. http://kovi-vezetokepzes.hu/school-university-partnership-insights-from-an-international-doctorateprogram-on-teacher-education/.
53. Sumalinog, G.,& Mananay, J. Classroom Teaching and Management: Experiences of Novice English Teachers. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. 2024;23(10):701-714. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=T0_uPfAAAAAJ&citation_for_view=T0_uPfAAAAAJ:KlAtU1dfN6UC DOI: https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.10.32
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ricky P. Alalid , Almar M. Baledio , Arian Balunan , Francell Shane L. Marilla , Kim Patrick B. Pretencio , Kurt Daniel L. Valera , Rey Vincent V. Verginesa , Gino G. Sumalinog (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.