The Impact of ABO Blood Types on Spontaneous Miscarriage and Cytomegalovirus Infection Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf20251528Keywords:
Blood Groups, CMV Infection, Spontaneous Miscarriage, AgglutinationAbstract
Introduction: Blood groups are linked to diseases as receptors for pathogens, influencing spontaneous abortion. Understanding these factors is crucial for effective risk factor management. Objective: To elucidate the connection between blood types, Rh factor, and the incidence of spontaneous abortion while also examining its association with the dissemination of antibodies to cytomegalovirus. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 200 pregnant women found that cytomegalovirus seroprevalence was higher in those experiencing spontaneous abortion compared to those not. Rh factor and blood types were also assessed using agglutination. Results: The prevalence of CMV percentage was statistically significant (P≤ 0.001) in the abortion group CMV IgG (93.0%, 20.0%) and CMV IgM (22.0%,1.0%). Blood group O+ was the most prevalent among pregnant women who had experienced abortion and CMV IgG latent infection, whereas blood group B+ was the most common in the healthy group. Additionally, the Rh factor did not demonstrate any statistical significance about abortion or the spread of the virus. Conclusion: CMV is widespread among pregnant women in the Diyala Governorate. Also, Blood group O+ is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and is also linked to a higher likelihood of CMV IgG latent viral infection in aborted women.
References
1. Al-Mousawi HT, AL-Hajjar QN. Immunological and molecular diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection between aborted & pregnant women in Babylon city. Baghdad Science Journal. 2021 Jun 20;18(2 (Suppl.)):1086-
2. Mohsin IH, Hassan I, Saleh MA. A Comparative Study of Immunological and Molecular Techniques to Diagnose Human Cytomegalovirus in Renal Failure Patients in Diyala Governor. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2022;16(1):1361-7.
3. Osterholm EA, Schleiss MR. Impact of breast milk‐acquired cytomegalovirus infection in premature infants: Pathogenesis, prevention, and clinical consequences? Reviews in medical virology. 2020 Nov;30(6):1-1. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2117
4. Ali KS. The Sero-Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Women with Abortion and Intrauterine Death in Erbil City Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Diyala Journal of Medicine. 2020 Apr 1;18(1):77-90.
5. Wang X, Zhao Y, Fan Y, Liu Y. The Predictive Significance of Platelet‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio for Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease. 2025 Jan;13(1): e70119.
6. Andreescu M, Tanase A, Andreescu B, Moldovan C. A Review of Immunological Evaluation of Patients with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025 Jan 17;26(2):785.
7. Enguita-Germán M, Librero J, Leache L, Gutiérrez-Valencia M, Tamayo I, Jericó C, Gorricho J, García-Erce JA. Role of the AB0 blood group in COVID-19 infection and complications: A population-based study. Transfusion and Apheresis Science. 2022 Jun 1;61(3):103357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2022.103357
8. Li HY, Guo K. Blood group testing. Frontiers in medicine. 2022 Feb 11; 9:827619.
9. Alhajj, M., Zubair, M. and Farhana, A., 2023. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. StatPearls.
10. Pontes KF, Nardozza LM, Peixoto AB, Werner H, Tonni G, Granese R, Araujo Júnior E. Cytomegalovirus and pregnancy: a narrative review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024 Jan 22;13(2):640.
11. Kareem QN, Hussein AA, Khalaf SK. Human cytomegalovirus and relationship with abortion among Iraqi females: a systematic review. Journal of Ideas in Health. 2022 Sep 8;5(3):739-47.
12. Behera B, Rout B, Rajashree Panigrahy, Kar SK, Sahoo D, Sahu KK, Otta S. ABO blood grouping and COVID-19: a hospital-based study in Eastern India. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2022 Jan 20;23(1):7.
13. JANG HB, KIM SG, LEE AJ, SUH HS, JEON CH, AHN HS. The relationship between ABO blood group phenotypes and seroprevalence of infectious disease in Korea. Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion. 2014:113-22.
14. Abegaz SB. Human ABO blood groups and their associations with different diseases. BioMed research international. 2021;2021(1):6629060.
15. Sajan R, Lal S, Kazi S, Sultan A, Ismail S, Khanzada G. Frequency of ABO blood group in pregnant women and its correlation with pregnancy-related complications. Cureus. 2021 Apr;13(4).
16. Ozawa N, Ogawa K, Sasaki A, Mitsui M, Wada S, Sago H. Maternal age, history of miscarriage, and embryonic/fetal size are associated with cytogenetic results of spontaneous early miscarriages. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. 2019 Apr 15; 36:749-57.
17. Hashemi S, Moghadam AD, Sayehmiri K, Mousavi M, Ahmadi H, Azizi M, Asadollahi K. Risk factors affecting abortion among pregnant women–A case-control study. Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences: Volume. 2024 Apr 1;11(2).
18. Solmaz I, Araç S. ABO blood groups in COVID‐19 patients; cross‐sectional study. International journal of clinical practice. 2021 Apr;75(4): e13927.https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13927
19. ALSaikl SJ, Tolaifeh ZA. Correlation Blood group O with Cytomegalovirus Infection Susceptibility in Women with Recurrent Miscarriages in Babylon Province. Journal of the University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences. 2023:290-8.
20. Al-Hamadany AY, Ibrahim HI, Sharef SM. Detection of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Poly-Transfused Thalassemia Patients and Its Correlation with ABO Blood Groups. Ann Trop Med & Public Health; 2020, 23 (4): S485. DOI: http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.23433
21. Siddiqui R, Agrawal I, Saxena S, Rajput S. Prevalence of Rh-Negative Blood Group and Fetomaternal Outcome in Rh Negative Pregnancy. International Journal of Life Sciences, Biotechnology and Pharma Research Vol. 13, No. 12, December 2024 DOI: 10.69605/ijlbpr_13.12.2024.106.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nedhal Mahmuod Khaleefah, Bushra Jabbar Altamimi, Assmaa Kadhim Gataa (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.