Clinical and epidemiological implications of immune mechanisms in periodontitis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024.1008

Keywords:

periodontal tissue, therapeutic approaches, bibliography

Abstract

Periodontitis, considered a chronic inflammatory disease rather than a conventional bacterial infection, is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to the accumulation of bacterial biofilm in periodontal tissue. This inflammatory imbalance contributes to the loss of periodontal support and is influenced by factors such as unhealthy habits and systemic conditions. In Ecuador, the high prevalence of periodontal diseases reflects a significant problem, exacerbated by economic barriers, lack of access to adequate dental care and lack of knowledge about oral hygiene. The immune response to periodontitis involves both innate and adaptive immunity. Chronic inflammation, mediated by proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key determinants in the destruction of periodontal tissue. The interplay between microbial dysbiosis and inflammation reflects the need for therapeutic approaches that address both the control of bacterial biofilm and the modulation of the immune response. This study highlighted the complexity of periodontitis, underscoring the importance of strategies that integrate the understanding of chronic inflammation and the development of targeted therapies. The results indicated that personalization of treatment, based on individual profiles and specific biomarkers, influences the clinical outcomes of periodontal disease management. It is advisable to explore new technologies to effectively address this oral health challenge

References

1. Yang B, Pang X, Li Z, Chen Z, Wang Y. Immunomodulation in the treatment of periodontitis: Progress and perspectives. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2021;12:781378. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.781378/full

2. Bui FQ, Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Huynh B, Trinh A, Liu J, Woodward J, et al. Association between periodontal pathogens and systemic disease. Biomed J [Internet]. 2019;42(1):27–35. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417018302634

3. Williams DW, Greenwell-Wild T, Brenchley L, Dutzan N, Overmiller A, Sawaya AP, et al. Human oral mucosa cell atlas reveals a stromal-neutrophil axis regulating tissue immunity. Cell [Internet]. 2021;184(15):4090–104. Available from: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00630-9?elqTrackId=03e80357c9ab42a8a06c3295057dbe99

4. Huang N, Dong H, Luo Y, Shao B. Th17 cells in periodontitis and its regulation by A20. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2021;12:742925. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.742925/full

5. Lamont RJ, Koo H, Hajishengallis G. The oral microbiota: dynamic communities and host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol [Internet]. 2018;16(12):745–59. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-018-0089-x

6. Bunte K, Beikler T. Th17 cells and the IL-23/IL-17 axis in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2019;20(14):3394. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/14/3394

7. Kowalski J, Nowak M, Górski B, Górska R. What Has Immunology Brought to Periodontal Disease in Recent Years? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) [Internet]. 2022;70(1):26. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00005-022-00662-9

8. Pan W, Wang Q, Chen Q. The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci [Internet]. 2019;11(3):30. Available from: The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis. International Journal of Oral Science

9. Sun X, Gao J, Meng X, Lu X, Zhang L, Chen R. Polarized macrophages in periodontitis: characteristics, function, and molecular signaling. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2021;12:763334. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.763334/full

10. MacDonald KW, Chanyi RM, Macklaim JM, Cadieux PA, Reid G, Burton JP. Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens. BMC Oral Health [Internet]. 2021;21(1):245. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12903-021-01606-z

11. Tan J, Dai A, Pan L, Zhang L, Wang Z, Ke T, et al. Inflamm‐aging‐related cytokines of IL‐17 and IFN‐γ accelerate osteoclastogenesis and periodontal destruction. J Immunol Res [Internet]. 2021;2021(1):9919024. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1155/2021/9919024

12. Ren L, Yang J, Wang J, Zhou X, Liu C. The roles of FOXO1 in periodontal homeostasis and disease. J Immunol Res [Internet]. 2021;2021(1):5557095. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1155/2021/5557095

Downloads

Published

2024-01-01

How to Cite

1.
Tobar Peñaherrera AN, Moya Salazar ME, Morocho Segarra CV, Granda Macías LA. Clinical and epidemiological implications of immune mechanisms in periodontitis. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias [Internet]. 2024 Jan. 1 [cited 2024 Oct. 8];3:.1008. Available from: https://conferencias.ageditor.ar/index.php/sctconf/article/view/1008