Analysis of the Philosophical and Sociological Foundation of Human Freedom in the Political-Social Order of the West

Abstract

This paper seeks to elucidate the problems of individuals immersed in the "universe" of the social and their development under historical power relations, viewed from long before the birth of sociology as a science of the study of structures, functioning, and development of social life with its human activities. The aim is for the new generations of postmodernity to understand how to face the challenges posed by some new forms of power associated with state bureaucracy, which classical sociologists such as E. Durkheim, Karl Marx, and especially Max Weber had warned about, as well as some philosophers like Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer, who foresaw the constant changes and alterations in human affairs in the West. This convergence between philosophy and sociology examines the problem of freedom of human actions and their social structuring and development, viewed from the relationship between sociology and the critique of the form of self-knowledge of contemporary society, analyzed through the lens of power and domination relations and the insights provided by philosophy since antiquity, where the concept of freedom had a different meaning than what we understand today.