Neural Plasticity after Traumatic Brain Injuries. Importance of neurological rehabilitation

Abstract

The research aimed to deepen the understanding of the role of neuroplasticity in post-traumatic injuries that cause physical damage to neuronal tissue. The study focused on how the brain, through epigenetic remodeling, adapts and responds to these initial injuries to facilitate recovery. The methodology included a descriptive bibliographic review, limited to articles in English and Spanish published between 2019 and 2023, using databases such as Clinical Key, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Relevant scientific articles, books, and recognized guides were included. Additionally, five clinical cases of patients with traumatic brain injury were evaluated through a review of medical histories and interviews with the medical care team to analyze the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation. The results highlighted that neuronal plasticity, the ability of the nervous system to adapt and reorganize, is fundamental for recovery after a traumatic brain injury. It was observed that neuroplasticity processes, both structural and functional, allow the formation of new synapses and the strengthening of existing ones, facilitating the recovery of motor and cognitive functions. Neurorehabilitation, which includes techniques such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and neurostimulation, proved effective in improving the quality of life of patients. The research concluded by emphasizing the importance of neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation in the recovery of patients with post-traumatic brain injuries, recommending the implementation of individualized and advanced therapeutic approaches to optimize outcomes