Application of Ground Penetrating Radar in Warning of Urban Street Tree Collapse: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024945Keywords:
Ground Penetrating Radar, Street Tree Collapse, Root SystemAbstract
The collapse of urban street trees not only jeopardizes public safety and property but also inflicts damage upon the ecological services provided by urban environments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology in the application of early warning systems for the collapse of urban street trees, discussing its principles, strengths, and its historical application within urban forestry. The article further analyzes the challenges and limitations of GPR in current research endeavors and prognosticates future directions for study
References
1. Bi, L.Y., et al., Estimation of Coarse Root System Diameter Based on Ground-Penetrating Radar Forward Modeling. Forests, 2023. 14(7).
2. Ohashi, M., et al., Reconstruction of root systems in Cryptomeria japonica using root point coordinates and diameters. Planta, 2018. 249(2): p. 445-455.
3. Utsi, E., Ground-penetrating radar for archaeology. Lawrence B. Conyers. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California, 2004. 203pp. ISBN 0- 759-10773-4. Archaeological Prospection, 2006. 13(3): p. 228- 229.
4. Goodman, D.J.A.P., Book review: Surface-penetrating radar. D. J. Daniels, ERA Technology, Institution of Electrical Engineers Radar Series no. 6, London, 1996. Price 85.00. ISBN 0-85296-862-0. 234×156 mm, hardback, many colour illustrations, 320 pp. 1997. 4.
5. Cimadevila, H.L., et al., Forestry applications of ground- penetrating radar. 2010. 19(1).
6. Attia al Hagrey, S., Geophysical imaging of root-zone, trunk, and moisture heterogeneity. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2007. 58(4): p. 839-854.
7. Cui, X., et al., Modeling tree root diameter and biomass by ground-penetrating radar. Science China Earth Sciences, 2010. 54(5): p. 711-719.
8. Butnor, J.R., et al., Use of ground-penetrating radar to study tree roots in the southeastern United States. 2001. 21 17: p. 1269-78.
9. Barton, C.V.M. and K.D. Montagu, Detection of tree roots and determination of root diameters by ground penetrating radar under optimal conditions. Tree Physiology, 2004. 24(12): p. 1323- 1331.
10. Jol,H.M., Ground Penetrating Radar: Theory and Applications.2009: Ground Penetrating Radar: Theory and Applications.
11. Bassuk, N., et al., Ground-penetrating Radar Accurately Locates Tree Roots in Two Soil Media Under Pavement. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 2011. 37(4): p. 160- 166.
12. Nichols, P., A. McCallum, and T. Lucke, Using ground penetrating radar to locate and categorise tree roots under urban pavements. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2017. 27: p. 9- 14.
13. Al-Qadi, I.L. and S. Lahouar, Measuring layer thicknesses with GPR – Theory to practice. Construction and Building Materials, 2005. 19(10): p. 763-772.
14. Guo,L., et al., Calibrating the impact of root orientation on root quantification using ground-penetrating radar. Plant and Soil, 2015. 395(1-2): p. 289-305.
15. Butnor, J.R., et al., Surface-based GPR underestimates below- stump root biomass. Plant and Soil, 2016. 402(1-2): p. 47-62.
16. Yamase, K., et al., Ground-penetrating radar estimates of tree root diameter and distribution under field conditions. 2018. 32: p. 1657- 1668.
17. Zajícová, K. and T.J.G. Chuman, Application of ground penetrating radar methods in soil studies: A review. 2019.
18. Hruska, J., J. Cermak, and S. Sustek, Mapping tree root systems with ground-penetrating radar. Tree physiology, 1999. 19(2): p. 125- 130.
19. Stokes, A., et al., An Evaluation of Different Methods to Investigate Root System Architecture of Urban Trees in Situ: I. Ground- Penetrating Radar. 2002.
20. Butnor, J.R., et al., Utility of Ground-Penetrating Radar as a Root Biomass Survey Tool in Forest Systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2003. 67(5): p. 1607- 1615.
21. Dannoura, M., et al., Detection ofCryptomeria japonicaroots with ground penetrating radar. Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 2008. 142(2): p. 375-380.
22. Hirano, Y., et al., Limiting factors in the detection of tree roots using ground-penetrating radar. Plant and Soil, 2008. 319(1-2): p. 15-24.
23. Stokes, A., et al., An evaluation of different methods to investigate root system architecture of urban trees in situ. I. Ground- penetrating radar. 2002. 28(1): p. 2- 10.
24. Stover, D.B., et al., Effect of elevated CO2 on coarse-root biomass in Florida scrub detected by ground-penetrating radar. 2007. 88 5: p. 1328-34.
25. Giannopoulos, A., Modelling ground penetrating radar by GprMax. Construction and Building Materials, 2005. 19(10): p. 755-762.
26. García-Fernández, M., et al., Improvements in GPR-SAR imaging focusing and detection capabilities of UAV-mounted GPR systems. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2022. 189: p. 128- 142.
27. Noviello, C., et al., An Overview on Down-Looking UAV-Based GPR Systems. 2022. 14(14): p. 3245.
28. Yang, X. and X.J.H.T.f.P.G. Pei, Hybrid system for powering unmanned aerial vehicles: Demonstration and study cases. 2022.
29. Burr,R., et al., Design and Implementation of aFMCW GPR for UAV-based Mine Detection. 2018: p. 1-4.
30. Weiß, M. and J.H.G. Ender. A 3D imaging radar for small unmanned airplanes - ARTINO. 2005.
31. Tosti, F., et al., Transport infrastructure monitoring by data fusion of GPR and SAR imagery information. 2020. 45: p. 771-778.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Chang Liu, Tianqing Ling (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.