The utilization of chlorophyll and micro-lead in bio-silicon as a foundation for shielding against X-ray radiation in the medical field
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024872Keywords:
Shield Anti X-Ray, Medical Radiation, Chlorophyl, Micro LeadAbstract
Shielding aprons were produced using microlead with chlorophyll, which is a viable alternative to the widely used sheet lead aprons for shielding against medical radiation. A study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of five types of radiation shielding sheets composed of a blend of microlead and chlorophyll at varying concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 wt% with 35 wt%, respectively) with biosilicon as a base. A comparison was made between the transmission dosages of these sheets and a lead standard (commercial shield). The tensile strength was tested when radiation shielding sheets were being made and used the European Standard for Industry test method (IEC 61331-3:2014) for X-ray protection equipment to measure the transmission dosage. and compare the results with radiation transmitted through a lead standard that had different thicknesses (0,05, 0,1, 0,15, 0,2, 0,25, 0,3, and 0,35 mm). These measurements were taken at tube voltages of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kVp. In the results, it was found that using a mixture of 150 % microlead and 35 % chlorophyll worked to measure a dose similar to 0,3 mm of lead. The transmission dose was 13,58 mR and 13,8 mR for sheet lead, and the density of the shield is 1,72 g/cm3. For this reason, it could be used instead of lead sheets, making it a good choice for protecting medical equipment from radiation
References
1. S. G. Barnard, E. A. Ainsbury, R. A. Quinlan, and S. D. Bouffler, “Radiation protection of the eye lens in medical workers—basis and impact of the ICRP recommendations,” The British Journal of Radiology, vol. 89, no. 1060, p. 20151034, Apr. 2016, doi: 10.1259/bjr.20151034.
2. R. Najjar, “Radiology’s Ionising Radiation Paradox: Weighing the Indispensable Against the Detrimental in Medical Imaging,” Cureus, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.7759/cureus.41623.
3. N. Aral, F. Banu Nergis, and C. Candan, “An alternative X-ray shielding material based on coated textiles,” Textile Research Journal, vol. 86, no. 8, pp. 803–811, May 2016, doi: 10.1177/0040517515590409.
4. D. Liang, F. Shen, Z. Bao, Y. Liu, and H. Li, “Research on textile materials for X-ray shielding,” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 290, p. 01013, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202129001013.
5. S.-C. Kim, K.-R. Dong, and W.-K. Chung, “Medical radiation shielding effect by composition of barium compounds,” Annals of Nuclear Energy, vol. 47, pp. 1–5, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.anucene.2012.04.014.
6. L. Yu, P. L. Yap, A. Santos, D. Tran, and D. Losic, “Lightweight polyester fabric with elastomeric bismuth titanate composite for high-performing lead-free X-ray shielding,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 205, p. 110726, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110726.
7. S. Nambiar, E. K. Osei, and J. T. W. Yeow, “Polymer nanocomposite-based shielding against diagnostic X-rays,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 127, no. 6, pp. 4939–4946, Mar. 2013, doi: 10.1002/app.37980.
8. A. Trajkovska Petkoska, “Assessment of the Attenuation Properties of Commercial Lead-Free Radiation-Shielding Composite Materials Against Medical X-rays,” Journal of Composites Science, vol. 7, no. 10, p. 424, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.3390/jcs7100424.
9. N. Z. N. Azman, S. A. Siddiqui, R. Hart, and I. M. Low, “Microstructural design of lead oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding purposes,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 128, no. 5, pp. 3213–3219, Jun. 2013, doi: 10.1002/app.38515.
10. M. J. R. Aldhuhaibat, M. S. Amana, N. J. Jubier, and A. A. Salim, “Improved gamma radiation shielding traits of epoxy composites: Evaluation of mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic and electron number,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 179, p. 109183, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109183.
11. M. Z. Botelho, R. Künzel, E. Okuno, R. S. Levenhagen, T. Basegio, and C. P. Bergmann, “X-ray transmission through nanostructured and microstructured CuO materials,” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 527–530, Feb. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.11.002.
12. B. Bazi et al., “Trace-element analysis of mineral grains in Ryugu rock fragment sections by synchrotron-based confocal X-ray fluorescence,” Earth, Planets and Space, vol. 74, no. 1, p. 161, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1186/s40623-022-01726-y.
13. S.-C. Kim, “Construction of a Medical Radiation-Shielding Environment by Analyzing the Weaving Characteristics and Shielding Performance of Shielding Fibers Using X-ray-Impermeable Materials,” Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 1705, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.3390/app11041705.
14. S.-C. Kim, “Medical-Radiation-Shielding Film Fabricated by Imitating the Layered Structure Pattern of Abalone Shell and Verification of Its Shielding Effect,” Materials, vol. 16, no. 24, p. 7700, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3390/ma16247700.
15. T. Vladkova, “Surface modification of silicone rubber with poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel coatings,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 1486–1492, May 2004, doi: 10.1002/app.20001.
16. K. A. Montoya-Villegas et al., “Controlled surface modification of silicone rubber by gamma-irradiation followed by RAFT grafting polymerization,” European Polymer Journal, vol. 134, p. 109817, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109817.
17. T. Schöpf and T. Pichler, “Radiation Protection Clothing in X-Ray Diagnostics – Influence of the Different Methods of Measurement on the Lead Equivalent and the Required Mass,” RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren, vol. 188, no. 08, pp. 768–775, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.1055/s-0042-106651.
18. R. S. Livingstone and A. Varghese, “A simple quality control tool for assessing integrity of lead equivalent aprons,” Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, vol. 28, no. 02, pp. 258–262, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.4103/ijri.IJRI_374_17.
19. T. B. S. Institution, BSI Standards Publication Protective devices against diagnostic medical, Three. BSI Standards Limited, 2014.
20. F. H. Omoumi, X. Wu, M. U. Ghani, M. D. Wong, Y. Li, and H. Liu, “Mathematical estimation of half‐value layer thicknesses,” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 320–328, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1002/acm2.13385.
21. T. Kaur, J. Sharma, and T. Singh, “Experimental evaluation of gamma rays shielding parameters for Zn-Cd-Sn-Pb quaternary alloy,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 156, pp. 193–198, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.11.010.
22. J. H. Hubbell, “Photon mass attenuation and energy-absorption coefficients,” The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1269–1290, Nov. 1982, doi: 10.1016/0020-708X(82)90248-4.
23. H. Çetin, A. Yurt, and S. H. Yüksel, “THE ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF LEAD-FREE GARMENTS FOR USE IN RADIATION PROTECTION,” Radiation Protection Dosimetry, p. ncw004, Feb. 2016, doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncw004.
24. A. H. Alsaab and S. Zeghib, “Analysis of X-ray and gamma ray shielding performance of prepared polymer micro-composites,” Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 100708, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jrras.2023.100708.
25. R. R. Wargo, A. F. Aljabal, and P. P. Lin, “Evaluation and verification of a simplified lead equivalency measurement method,” Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 152–156, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1002/acm2.12810.
26. B. Akça and S. Z. Erzeneoğlu, “The Mass Attenuation Coefficients, Electronic, Atomic, and Molecular Cross Sections, Effective Atomic Numbers, and Electron Densities for Compounds of Some Biomedically Important Elements at 59.5 keV,” Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations, vol. 2014, pp. 1–8, 2014, doi: 10.1155/2014/901465.
27. A. Kume, “Importance of the green color, absorption gradient, and spectral absorption of chloroplasts for the radiative energy balance of leaves,” Journal of Plant Research, vol. 130, no. 3, pp. 501–514, May 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10265-017-0910-z.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmed Ehsan Jassem, Mohamed Hamzah Al-Maamori, Ahmed Fadhil Hamzah (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
