Sustainable Concrete Pavement Incorporating RAP and Fly Ash with Self-Sensing Properties
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024870Keywords:
Self-Sensing, Fly ash, Recycled Asphalt Pavement, Waste Material, Silica Fume, Mechanical PropertiesAbstract
This research focuses on addressing the problem of utilizing high-value sustainable materials in the creation of self-sensing concrete pavement. The study specifically explores the incorporation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), fly ash, and silica fume in a single mix design to achieve sustainability objectives. In the previous work by the authors, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the optimal proportions of RAP, fly ash, and silica fume, with a focus on achieving desired mechanical properties. Mechanical tests, encompassing compressive strength, flexural strength, and indirect tensile strength, were conducted within this framework to assess the performance of the concrete mixture. The selected concrete mix in this study incorporated 40 % RAP as a replacement for virgin aggregate, a fly ash-to-cement ratio of 0,8, and the addition of silica fume at 8 % relative to the weight of cementitious materials. Structural health and durability were monitored in real time by embedding two electrodes within the concrete matrix. The results highlighted the significant impact of adding RAP, fly ash, and silica fume on the mechanical properties of the hardened concrete. The optimized combination design indicated improved strength and self-sensing behavior, which was related to the beneficial impacts of silica fume and fly ash on mechanical and self-sensing capabilities. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable and intelligent infrastructure by demonstrating the feasibility of integrating recycled materials and self-sensing technology into concrete pavement construction. Additionally, the study extended its investigation to evaluate the performance of sustainable concrete under dynamic loads using ANSYS analysis. The investigation, which was performed on a structure with dimensions of 21 meters in length and 3 meters in width, observed that the use of sustainable materials improved the mechanical behavior of the structure under moving loads
References
1. Brunner, P.H. and H. Rechberger, Handbook of material flow analysis: For environmental, resource, and waste engineers. 2016: CRC press.
2. Al-Dahawi, A., et al., Assessment of self-sensing capability of Engineered Cementitious Composites within the elastic and plastic ranges of cyclic flexural loading. Construction and Building Materials, 2017. 145: p. 1-10.
3. Yıldırım, G., et al., Piezoresistive behavior of CF- and CNT-based reinforced concrete beams subjected to static flexural loading: Shear failure investigation. Construction and Building Materials, 2018. 168: p. 266-279.
4. Sarwary, M.H., et al., Self-Sensing of Flexural Damage in Large-Scale Steel-Reinforced Mortar Beams. ACI Materials Journal, 2019. 116(4): p. 209-221.
5. Hanjitsuwan, S., P. Chindaprasirt, and K. Pimraksa, Electrical conductivity and dielectric property of fly ash geopolymer pastes. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2011. 18(1): p. 94-99.
6. Saafi, M., et al., Graphene/fly ash geopolymeric composites as self-sensing structural materials. Smart materials and structures, 2014. 23(6): p. 065006.
7. Mizerová, C., et al., Self-sensing properties of fly ash geopolymer doped with carbon black under compression. Materials, 2021. 14(16): p. 4350.
8. Dong, W., et al., Effects of silica fume on physicochemical properties and piezoresistivity of intelligent carbon black-cementitious composites. Construction and Building Materials, 2020. 259: p. 120399.
9. Faghih, F. and A.S. Ayoub, Mechanical and self-sensing properties of concrete reinforced with carbon nanofibres. Advances in Cement Research, 2021. 33(3): p. 97-113.
10. Imbabi, M.S., C. Carrigan, and S. McKenna, Trends and developments in green cement and concrete technology. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 2012. 1(2): p. 194-216.
11. Bendapudi, S.C.K. and P. Saha, Contribution of fly ash to the properties of mortar and concrete. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 2011. 4(6): p. 1017-1023.
12. Al-Dahawi, A., et al., Electrical percolation threshold of cementitious composites possessing self-sensing functionality incorporating different carbon-based materials. Smart Materials and Structures, 2016. 25(10): p. 1-15.
13. Al-Najjar, Y., et al., Physical and Chemical Actions of Nano-Mineral Additives on Properties of High-Volume Fly Ash Engineered Cementitious Composites. ACI Materials Journal, 2016. 113(6): p. 791-801.
14. Arulrajah, A., et al., Geotechnical and geoenvironmental properties of recycled construction and demolition materials in pavement subbase applications. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2013. 25(8): p. 1077-1088.
15. Al-Azawee, E.T., Z.I. Qasim, and A.M. Al-Dahawi, Evaluation of mechanical and durability properties of rubberized hot mix asphalt. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2023. 2775(1): p. 060023.
16. Hower, J.C., et al., Mercury capture by native fly ash carbons in coal-fired power plants. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2010. 36(4): p. 510-529.
17. Specification, I., No. 5, Portland Cement. Iraqi Specif., Iraqi Specifications, 1984.
18. ASTM-C150, Standard specification for Portland cement, in Annual book of ASTM standards. 2007. p. 8.
19. Neville, A.M., Properties of concrete. Vol. 4. 1995: Longman London.
20. ASTM-C618, Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete, in Annual book of ASTM standards. 2005. p. 3.
21. Neville, A., Properties of concrete (vol. 4): Longman london. 1995.
22. Zhang, Z., B. Zhang, and P. Yan, Comparative study of effect of raw and densified silica fume in the paste, mortar and concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2016. 105: p. 82-93.
23. ASTM-C1240-20, Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures. 2020, ASTM: USA. p. 7.
24. Kadhim, A., A.M. Al-Dahawi, and Q.S. Banyhussan. Mechanical and Piezoresistive Properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavement. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021. IOP Publishing.
25. Al-Dahawi, A., et al., Effect of mixing methods on the electrical properties of cementitious composites incorporating different carbon-based materials. Construction and Building Materials, 2016. 104: p. 160-168.
26. Suri, L.N., et al., Adaptation to low body temperature influences pulmonary surfactant composition thereby increasing fluidity while maintaining appropriately ordered membrane structure and surface activity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 2012. 1818(7): p. 1581-1589.
27. Kathirvel, P. and G. Murali, Effect of using available GGBFS, silica fume, quartz powder and steel fibres on the fracture behavior of sustainable reactive powder concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 2023. 375: p. 130997.
28. Paya, J., et al., Enhanced conductivity measurement techniques for evaluation of fly ash pozzolanic activity. Cement and Concrete research, 2001. 31(1): p. 41-49.
29. Das, B. and S. Pandey, Influence of fineness of fly ash on the carbonation and electrical conductivity of concrete. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 2011. 23(9): p. 1365-1368.
30. Concrete, A.I.C.C.o. and C. Aggregates, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (using Simple Beam with Center-point Loading). 2010: ASTM international.
31. Al-Dahawi, A., Multifunctional Cementitious Composites for Damage-Resistant Highway Structures. 2016, Civil Engineering, Univesity of Gaziantep Gaziantep, Turkey.
32. Al-Dahawi, A.M. Effect of curing age on the self-sensing behavior of carbon-based engineered cementitious composites (ECC) under monotonic flexural loading scenario. in MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. EDP Sciences.
33. Das, A., Analysis of pavement structures. 2023: CRC Press.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed Refat, Ali M. Al-Dahawi, Husam Hikmat Baqir (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
