Efficiency of Steel Fibers in Improving the Performance of Concrete Beams without Shear Reinforcement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024830Keywords:
Steel Fiber, Shear Reinforcement, Recycled Aggregate, Concrete Beam, Shear Span to Effective Depth, Longitudinal ReinforcementAbstract
This research aims to experimentally study the shear strength of steel fiber concrete beams without shear reinforcement (stirrups). Parameters of the study include two compressive strength (20, 50 MPa), three ratios of flexural reinforcement (0,77, 1,14, 1,54 %), two ratios of shear span to effective depth (a/d = 2,3), and two types of aggregates (Natural coarse aggregate and recycled aggregate (crushed bricks)) with and without steel fibers. Three ratios of the volume fraction of steel fiber are used in the study (0, 0,5, 1 %). All specimens were loaded to failure. Thirteen specimens of concrete beams without shear reinforcement were tested with dimensions (200 x 300 mm) for cross-section (width, depth) and length (2000 mm). The beams were examined to evaluate the effect of each of the above variables on the shear strength and behavior of the beams. All beams are designed to fail with shear stress (without shear reinforcement) under a two-point load test. After obtaining and analyzing the practical results, a set of conclusions were made clear, as the results showed that increasing the compressive strength leads to increases in the maximum shear strength by (60 %). Also, the increase in the flexural reinforcement causes increases in the maximum shear strength by (53 %). As for the ratio of shear span to effective depth, the effect is the opposite, the increasing from 2 to 3 leads to a decrease in shear strength by (30 %). As for the type of aggregate, replacing 50 % of the natural coarse aggregate with recycled aggregate (crushed bricks) leads to a decrease in the maximum shear strength by (10,5 %). The results also show the efficiency of the steel fibers by improving the behavior of the beams under loading, as the addition of steel fibers by 0,5 % increases the maximum shear strength by (18 %). Still, when the steel fibers are 1 % of the volume of concrete, the amount of improvement in shear strength ranges from (30-50 %) despite the difference in the details of the specimens
References
1. R. Narayanan and I. Y. S. Darwish, “Use of steel fibers as shear reinforcement,” Struct. J., vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 216–227, 1987.
2. S. A. Ashour, G. S. Hasanain, and F. F. Wafa, “Shear behavior of high-strength fiber reinforced concrete beams,” Struct. J., vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 176–184, 1992.
3. V. C. Li, R. J. Ward, and A. M. Hamza, “Steel and synthetic fibers as shear reinforcement,” 1992.
4. M. I. Vamdewalle and F. Mortelmans, “Shear capacity of steel fiber high-strength concrete beams,” Spec. Publ., vol. 149, pp. 227–242, 1994.
5. K.-H. Tan, P. Paramasivam, and K. Murugappan, “Steel fibers as shear reinforcement in partially prestressed beams,” Struct. J., vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 643–652, 1995.
6. Y. Kwak, M. O. Eberhard, W. Kim, and J. Kim, “Shear Strength of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups,” no. 99, pp. 1–9, 2003.
7. P. S. Song and S. Hwang, “Mechanical properties of high-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 18, no. 9, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.027.
8. G. J. Parra-Montesinos, “Shear strength of beams with deformed steel fibers,” Concr. Int., vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 57–66, 2006.
9. G. R. Kumar, S. K. Madan, and S. P. Singh, “Steel Fibers As Replacement Of Web Reinforcement For Rcc Deep Beams In Shear,” vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 479–489, 2007.
10. K. Watanabe, T. Kimura, and J. Niwa, “Synergetic effect of steel fibers and shear-reinforcing bars on the shear-resistance mechanisms of RC linear members,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 2369–2375, 2010.
11. A. N. Dancygier and Z. Savir, “Effects of steel fibers on shear behavior of high-strength reinforced concrete beams,” Adv. Struct. Eng., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 745–761, 2011.
12. F. Minelli and G. A. Plizzari, “On the Effectiveness of Steel Fibers as Shear Reinforcement.,” ACI Struct. J., vol. 110, no. 3, 2013.
13. B. Singh and K. Jain, “Appraisal of steel fibers as minimum shear reinforcement in concrete beams,” ACI Struct. J., vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 1191–1202, 2014.
14. D.-Y. Yoo, T. Yuan, J.-M. Yang, and Y.-S. Yoon, “Feasibility of replacing minimum shear reinforcement with steel fibers for sustainable high-strength concrete beams,” Eng. Struct., vol. 147, pp. 207–222, 2017.
15. M. S. A. Dhaheer, “Improving The Properties Of Clay Brick Using Polyvinyl Alcohol ( PVA ) Improving The Properties Of Clay Brick Using Polyvinyl Alcohol ( PVA ),” no. December, pp. 10–14, 2018, doi: 10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.26420.
16. J. A. Torres and E. O. L. Lantsoght, “Influence of fiber content on shear capacity of steel fiber-reinforced concrete beams,” Fibers, vol. 7, no. 12, 2019, doi: 10.3390/?b7120102.
17. T.-F. Yuan, D.-Y. Yoo, J.-M. Yang, and Y.-S. Yoon, “Shear capacity contribution of steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete compared with and without stirrup,” Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2020.
18. T.-T. Bui, W. S. A. Nana, B. Doucet-Ferru, A. Bennani, H. Lequay, and A. Limam, “Shear performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams without stirrups: experimental investigation,” Int. J. Civ. Eng., vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 865–881, 2020.
19. B. S. Negi and K. Jain, “Assessment of shear-resisting mechanisms of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete beams,” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Build., pp. 1–17, 2021.
20. B. S. Negi and K. Jain, “Shear resistant mechanisms in steel fiber reinforced concrete beams: An analytical investigation,” in Structures, 2022, vol. 39, pp. 607–619.
21. A. Said, M. Elsayed, A. Abd El-Azim, F. Althoey, and B. A. Tayeh, “Using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete in improvement shear strength of reinforced concrete beams,” Case Stud. Constr. Mater., vol. 16, p. e01009, 2022.
22. M. Shallal, “Evaluation of ACI shear provisions for concrete beams without web reinforcement using stepwise regression,” J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 13(11), no. 1816–949X, pp. 3965–3978, 2018.
23. A. L. Moreno Junior and A. P. Vedoato, “Resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço,” Rev. IBRACON Estruturas e Mater., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 784–791, 2011, doi: 10.1590/s1983-41952011000500006.
24. L. D. D. Harvey, “Iron And Steel Recycling: Review, Conceptual Model, Irreducible Mining Requirements, And Energy Implications,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 138, p. 110553, 2021.
25. C. Ince, S. Tayançlı, and S. Derogar, “Recycling Waste Wood In Cement Mortars Towards The Regeneration Of Sustainable Environment,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 299, p. 123891, 2021.
26. Z. Zengfeng, L. Courard, S. Groslambert, T. Jehin, A. Leonard, and X. Jianzhuang, “Use Of Recycled Concrete Aggregates From Precast Block For The Production Of New Building Blocks: An Industrial Scale Study,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 157, p. 104786, 2020.
27. T. C. Hansen and E. Boegh, “Elasticity And Drying Shrinkage Concrete Of Recycled-Aggregate,” in Journal Proceedings, 1985, vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 648–652.
28. T. Yamato, Y. Emoto, and M. Soeda, “Mechanical Properties, Drying Shrinkage And Resistance To Freezing And Thawing Of Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate,” Spec. Publ., vol. 179, pp. 105–122, 1998.
29. K. Rahal, “Mechanical Properties Of Concrete With Recycled Coarse Aggregate,” Build. Environ., vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 407–415, 2007.
30. V. Corinaldesi, “Mechanical and elastic behaviour of concretes made of recycled-concrete coarse aggregates,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1616–1620, 2010.
31. G. Murali, C. M. V. Vardhan, G. Rajan, G. J. Janani, N. S. Jajan, and R. R. Sri, “Experimental Study On Recycled Aggregate Concrete,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 407–410, 2012.
32. Z. Guo, A. Tu, C. Chen, and D. E. Lehman, “Mechanical Properties, Durability, And Life-Cycle Assessment Of Concrete Building Blocks Incorporating Recycled Concrete Aggregates,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 199, pp. 136–149, 2018.
33. M. Ghoneim, A. Yehia, S. Yehia, and W. Abuzaid, “Shear strength of fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 13, no. 18, p. 4183, 2020.
34. A. Katz, “Treatments For The Improvement Of Recycled Aggregate,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 597–603, 2004.
35. V. W. Y. Tam, C. M. Tam, and K. N. Le, “Removal of cement mortar remains from recycled aggregate using pre-soaking approaches,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 82–101, 2007.
36. A. M. Grabiec, J. Klama, D. Zawal, and D. Krupa, “Modification of recycled concrete aggregate by calcium carbonate biodeposition,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 34, pp. 145–150, 2012.
37. S. Ismail and M. Ramli, “Mechanical Strength And Drying Shrinkage Properties Of Concrete Containing Treated Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregates,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 68, pp. 726–739, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.058.
38. J. Zhang, C. Shi, Y. Li, X. Pan, C.-S. Poon, and Z. Xie, “Performance enhancement of recycled concrete aggregates through carbonation,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 27, no. 11, p. 4015029, 2015.
39. H. Katkhuda and N. Shatarat, “Shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams using treated recycled concrete aggregate,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 125, pp. 63–71, 2016.
40. V. Afroughsabet, L. Biolzi, and T. Ozbakkaloglu, “Influence Of Double Hooked-End Steel Fibers And Slag On Mechanical And Durability Properties Of High Performance Recycled Aggregate Concrete Compos.,” Compos. Struct., vol. 181, pp. 273–284, 2017.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Huda S. Merdas (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
