Flame Propagation Dynamics in Open Tubes: Factors Influencing Combustion Conditions and Practical Implementations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024816Keywords:
: Flame Speed, Dual Fuel Systems, Open Tube, Burning VelocityAbstract
This study examines the combustion conditions of fuel flame propagation within a tube of uniform cross-sectional area, where ignition occurs at the sealed end and the flame propagates in the direction of both the open and sealed ends. Both factors exert an influence on the configuration and functioning of combustion systems. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of practical implementations in various combustion systems, it is imperative to comprehend the variations in flame propagation stages as a result of thermodynamic conditions. The operational conditions involving pressures and temperatures are considerably elevated compared to the natural settings. Numerous studies have been conducted on the propagation of flames within tubes. The present review centers on an extensive examination of the methodologies and procedures employed to investigate the phases of flame propagation, along with the impact of operational parameters on other fuels. Various aspects of flame behavior are explored in this article, focusing on flame formation, propagation, and the factors that influence them. The flame speed, which represents the rate of flame propagation, is influenced by factors such as fuel and oxidizer composition, temperature, pressure, and environmental conditions. The paper discusses the distinction between premixed and non-premixed flames and their respective characteristics. Several studies are cited to demonstrate the impact of oxygen concentration, air swirl, and fuel blending ratios on flame properties. These investigations involve experiments with different fuel-air mixtures, examining parameters such as flame luminance, temperature, soot production, and flame distortion. The measurement of laminar flame speed, which provides insights into fuel-air mixtures' diffusivity, reactivity, and exothermicity, is discussed. Various techniques for measuring laminar flame speed are mentioned, including the study of flame stability and spherical flame propagation. The paper also addresses the influence of flame stretch, which refers to the elongation or compression of a flame due to fluid flow or turbulence. Researchers aim to eliminate the effect of flame stretch to achieve accurate observations. Furthermore, the manuscript delves into factors affecting flame propagation, including the influence of aspect ratio on flame dynamics and flame oscillations. It describes experiments conducted in different geometries to observe changes in flame morphology and propagation velocity. The impact of ignition disturbances and equivalent ratio stratification on flame behavior is also explored. Studies examine the effects of ignition disruption and ignition volume on flame spread dynamics. Additionally, investigations analyze the behavior of flames under disturbances in the equivalence ratio, discussing changes in flame speed, heat release, and flame structure. Overall, these studies contribute to our understanding of flame behavior, combustion processes, and their applications in various fields, including energy production, environmental science, and engineering
References
1. C.E. Baukal Jr., The Slipcover for The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook, second ed., CRC press, New York, 2018.
2. W.C. Strahle, W.A. Sirignano, Introduction to combustion, Routledge, New York, 2020.
3. O. Khudhair, H.A. Shahad, A review of laminar burning velocity and flame speed of gases and liquid fuels, Int. J. Curr. Eng., 7 (2017) 183-197.
4. Z. Sun, B. Dally, Z. Alwahabi, G. Nathan, The effect of oxygen concentration in the co-flow of laminar ethylene diffusion flames, Combust. Flame 211 (2020) 96-111.
5. A.A. Hosseini, M. Ghodrat, M. Moghiman, S.H. Pourhoseini, Numerical study of inlet air swirl intensity effect of a Methane-Air Diffusion Flame on its combustion characteristics, Case Stud. Therm. Eng. 18 (2020) 100610.
6. X. Yang, M. Yu, K. Zheng, P. Luan, S. Han, On the propagation dynamics of lean H2/CO/air premixed flame, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 45 (2020) 7210-7222.
7. A.S. Yasiry, H.A. Shahad, An experimental study of the effect of hydrogen blending on burning velocity of LPG at elevated pressure, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 41 (2016) 19269-19277.
8. X. Yang, W. Yang, S. Dong, H. Tan, Flame stability analysis of premixed hydrogen/air mixtures in a swirl micro-combustor, Energy 209 (2020) 118495.
9. B. Xu, Y. Ju, Experimental study of spinning combustion in a mesoscale divergent channel, Proc. Combust. Inst. 31 (2007) 3285-3292.
10. H. Xiao, Q. Duan, J. Sun, Premixed flame propagation in hydrogen explosions, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 81 (2018) 1988-2001.
11. A.A. Deshpande, S. Kumar, On the formation of spinning flames and combustion completeness for premixed fuel–air mixtures in stepped tube microcombustors, Appl. Therm. Eng. 51 (2013) 91-101.
12. H. Xiao, Q. Wang, X. Shen, W. An, Q. Duan, J. Sun, An experimental study of premixed hydrogen/air flame propagation in a partially open duct, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 39 (2014) 6233-6241.
13. E.H. Schmidt, H. Steinicke, U. Neubert, Flame and schlieren photographs of combustion waves in tubes, Symp. (Int.) Combust. 4 (1953) 658-666.
14. S. Kerampran, D. Desbordes, B. Veyssière, Propagation of a flame from the closed end of a smooth horizontal tube of variable length, in: Proceedings of the 18th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosion and Reactive Systems ICDERS, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 2001.
15. K. Zheng, M. Yu, L. Zheng, X. Wen, T. Chu, L. Wang, Experimental study on premixed flame propagation of hydrogen/methane/air deflagration in closed ducts, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 42 (2017) 5426-5438.
16. H.J. Jang, G.M. Jang, N.I. Kim, Unsteady propagation of premixed methane/propane flames in a mesoscale disk burner of variable-gaps, Proc. Combust. Inst. 37 (2019) 1861-1868.
17. H.J. Jang, S.M. Lee, N.I. Kim, Effects of ignition disturbance on flame propagation of methane and propane in a narrow-gap-disk-burner, Combust. Flame 215 (2020) 124-133.
18. E.S. Richardson, J.H. Chen, Analysis of turbulent flame propagation in equivalence ratio-stratified flow, Proc. Combust. Inst. 36 (2017) 1729-1736.
19. C. Qi, X. Yan, Y. Wang, Y. Ning, X. Yu, Y. Hou, X. Lv, J. Ding, E. Shi, J. Yu, Flammability limits of combustible gases at elevated temperatures and pressures: recent advances and future perspectives, Energy Fuels 36 (2022) 12896-12916.
20. H. Ax, W. Meier, Experimental investigation of the response of laminar premixed flames to equivalence ratio oscillations, Combust. Flame 167 (2016) 172-183.
21. V. Sankar, J. E. V, A. Mohammad, R.K. Velamati, Effect of hydrogen addition on laminar burning velocity of liquefied petroleum gas blends, Energy Fuels 34 (2019) 798-805.
22. I. Wierzba, Q. Wang, The flammability limits of H2–CO–CH4 mixtures in air at elevated temperatures, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 31 (2006) 485-489.
23. A.S. Ibrahim, M.A. Abdalwahab, O.S. Abulaban, S.F. Ahmed, Investigation of Laminar Flame Speeds of Methane-LPG Air Mixtures, in: Proceedings of the 4th International Gas Processing Symposium, Elsevier, Qatar, 2015, pp. 125-131.
24. P. Krivosheyev, A. Novitski, O. Penyazkov, Flame front dynamics, shape and structure on acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition, Acta Astronaut. 204 (2023) 692-704.
25. H. Wei, X. Zhang, H. Zeng, R. Deiterding, J. Pan, L. Zhou, Mechanism of end-gas autoignition induced by flame-pressure interactions in confined space, Phys. Fluids 31 (2019).
26. A.M. Coates, D.L. Mathias, B.J. Cantwell, Numerical investigation of the effect of obstacle shape on deflagration to detonation transition in a hydrogen–air mixture, Combust. Flame 209 (2019) 278-290.
27. R. Vallinayagam, S. Vedharaj, Y. An, A. Dawood, M. Izadi Najafabadi, B. Somers, B. Johansson, Combustion stratification for naphtha from CI combustion to PPC, No. 2019-01-1151, SAE International United States, (2017).
28. X. Shen, J. Xu, J.X. Wen, Phenomenological characteristics of hydrogen/air premixed flame propagation in closed rectangular channels, Renew. Energy 174 (2021) 606-615.
29. R. Feng, Y. Huang, J. Zhu, Z. Wang, M. Sun, H. Wang, Z. Cai, Ignition and combustion enhancement in a cavity-based supersonic combustor by a multi-channel gliding arc plasma, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 120 (2021) 110248.
30. W. Sun, X. Gao, B. Wu, T. Ombrello, The effect of ozone addition on combustion: Kinetics and dynamics, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 73 (2019) 1-25.
31. C.E. Ebieto, O. Nyong, Flammability and Gravity Effect of Horizontal and Vertical Propagating Flames in Tube: A Comparative Studies, Eur. J. Eng. Sci. Tech. 5 (2020) 20-26.
32. K.A. Kazakov, Premixed flame propagation in vertical tubes, Phys. Fluids 28 (2016) 042103.
33. H. Xiao, Q. Wang, X. He, J. Sun, L. Yao, Experimental and numerical study on premixed hydrogen/air flame propagation in a horizontal rectangular closed duct, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 35 (2010) 1367-1376.
34. M.H. Shamsadin Saeid, M. Ghodrat, Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Hydrogen Concentration on Detonation Diffraction Mechanism, Energies 15 (2022) 8726.
35. T. Ombrello, S.H. Won, Y. Ju, S. Williams, Flame propagation enhancement by plasma excitation of oxygen. Part I: Effects of O3, Combus. Flame 157 (2010) 1906-1915.
36. T. Ombrello, S.H. Won, Y. Ju, S. Williams, Flame propagation enhancement by plasma excitation of oxygen. Part II: Effects of O2 (a1Δg), Combus. Flame 157 (2010) 1916-1928.
37. T. Ombrello, N. Popov, Mechanisms of Ethylene Flame Propagation Enhancement by O₂ (a¹Δg), Aerospace Lab. (2015) 1-7.
38. E. Takahashi, A. Kuramochi, M. Nishioka, Turbulent flame propagation enhancement by application of dielectric barrier discharge to fuel-air mixtures, Combus. Flame 192 (2018) 401-409.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Hussein M. Almyali, Zaid M. H. Al Dulaimi, Mohammed A. Al-Fahham (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
