The Influence of Calcined Alumina Additives on the Mechanical Properties and Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Blended Concrete
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024814Keywords:
Blended Concrete, Calcined Alumina, Chloride-Induced Corrosion, Mechanical Properties, Durability of Concrete, Fresh PropertiesAbstract
The development and use of blended concrete systems have been growing rapidly in the construction industry, mainly due to cost savings, energy savings, and sustainability. This paper represents the influence of Calcined Alumina (AC) on the strength and chloride-induced corrosion of concrete. AC, at various contents, was appropriately added as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in blended mixtures (3,5 and 7 % by mass of OPC). To find out its impact on the fresh properties (slump flow), hardened properties (compressive and splitting strength), and durability properties (water absorption at, rapid chloride migration coefficient, chloride penetration resistance, and corrosion resistance) depending on curing ages. Moreover, it investigates the effect of crack width on chloride penetration and corrosion rate. The results reveal that the addition of AC has a positive impact on concrete. Whereas obtained a decrease in the workability of concrete and an increase in the water demand. On the other hand, a significant increase in the compressive strength, tensile strength, and durability properties of concrete was recorded. Also, the replacement of cement with 7 % AC achieved the highest value of compressive strength (63,67 MPa) in 90 days. Also, improvements in chloride penetration resistance and corrosion rate. The presence of Al₂O₃ reduces the ingress of chloride ions into concrete considerably, leading to the conclusion that the decrease in crack width is due to a decrease in corrosion steel products and the chloride penetration concentration and depth
References
Odler, “Special Inorganic Cements (1st ed.),” Mod. Concr. Technol., vol. 8, p. 416, 2000, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482271942
Niharika, “PREDICTION OF COMPRESSIVE & FLEXURAL STRENGTHS OF MICRO AL 2 O 3 BLENDED WITH CONCRETE USING ANN,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Eng. Technol., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 502–510, 2021, doi: 10.34218/IJARET.12.3.2021.047.
R. Olar, “Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies for Civil Engineering,” “Bulletin Polytech. Inst. Iasi - Constr. A, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 109–117, 2011.
Nazari, S. Riahi, S. Riahi, S. F. Shamekhi, and A. Khademno, “Influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the compressive strength and workability of blended concrete,” J. Am. Sci., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 6–9, 2010.
J. Kiennemann, E. Chabas, C. Ulrich, and D. Dumont, “the Role of Granulometry and Additives in Optimising the Alumina Matrix in Low Cement Castables .,” vol. 1, pp. 2–5, 2017.
Y. WANG and J. GAO, “Effect of MgO and Al2O3 on High-temperature Stability Performance of High-alumina Cement,” Mater. Sci., pp. 1–19, 2023, doi: 10.5755/j02.ms.33912.
S. Debbarma, G. D. R. N. Ransinchung, and M. Dhaka, “Effects of a Portland cement additive rich in SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 in microstructure densification of RAP incorporated RCCP mixes,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 258, p. 119626, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119626.
R. Sarkar and A. Parija, “Effect of alumina fines on high alumina self-flow low cement castables,” Refract. World Forum, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 73–77, 2014.
S. Li, Z. Jin, and Y. Yu, “Chloride binding by calcined layered double hydroxides and alumina-rich cementitious materials in mortar mixed with seawater and sea sand,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 293, p. 123493, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123493.
E. Karamian, M. Faghih, M. Parastegari, A. Materials, N. Branch, and I. Azad, “The Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles and Calcined Alumina on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance Behavior of the Magnesia Carbon Refractories,” vol. 11, pp. 23–27, 2014.
F. Van Der Vurst, E. Ghafari, D. Feys, and G. De Schutter, “Influence of addition sequence of materials on rheological properties of self-compacting concrete,” XXII Nord. Concr. Res. Symp. Proc., vol. 50, no. AUGUST, pp. 399–402, 2014, doi: 10.13140/2.1.1153.9846.
H. Shokravi, S. E. Mohammadyan-Yasouj, S. S. R. Koloor, M. Petrů, and M. Heidarrezaei, “Effect of alumina additives on mechanical and fresh properties of self-compacting concrete: A review,” Processes, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1–22, 2021, doi: 10.3390/pr9030554.
U. I. Tofail, “The effect of the addition of Alumina powder on the confinement properties of a cement mortar,” vol. 01055, pp. 1–6, 2018.
2019. Iraqi specification IQ.S. No 5(2019), Portland cement. Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control, “No Title,” Iraqi Specif., 2019.
1984.. Iraqi specification IQ.S. No 45(1984), Natural aggregate used in concrete. Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control, “No Title,” Iraqi Specif., 1984.
ASTM C494, “ASTM C494/C949M-19: Standard specification for chemical admixtures for concrete,” Astm C494, no. January, pp. 1–10, 2015.
C. 211, “Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete ACI 211.1-91,” ACI Comm. Reports, Guid. Stand. Pract. Comment., no. 9, pp. 120–121, 2006.
“Testing fresh concrete - BS EN 12350-8 Part 8: 2019 - Slump flow test,” BSI Stand. Publ., pp. 5–8, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://www.en-standard.eu/din-en-12350-2-testing-fresh-concrete-part-2-slump-test/%0Ahttps://bsol.bsigroup.com/Home
British Standards Institute, “BS EN 12390-7:2000 Testing hardened concrete — Part 7: Density of hardened concrete,” BSI Stand. Publ., vol. 3, no. 1, p. 13, 2000.
“BS EN 12390-7 part7-density of hardened concrete,” BSI Stand. Publ., 2019, [Online]. Available: https://www.scribd.com/document/500514501/BS-EN-12390-7-2019
“BS EN 12390-6-2009 - Testing Hardened Concrete Part 6 - Tensile Splitting Strength of Test Specimens,” BSI Stand. Publ., [Online]. Available: https://www.scribd.com/document/500032069/BS-EN-12390-6-2009-Testing-hardened-concrete-Part-6-Tensile-splitting-strength-of-test-specimens
NORDTEST ISSN 0283–7153, “Concrete, mortar and cement-based repair materials: Chloride migration coefficient from non-steady-state migration experiments,” Measurement, pp. 1–8, 1999.
F. He, C. Shi, Q. Yuan, C. Chen, and K. Zheng, “AgNO3-based colorimetric methods for measurement of chloride penetration in concrete,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.003.
S. Hong et al., “Determination of impressed current efficiency during accelerated corrosion of reinforcement,” Cem. Concr. Compos., vol. 108, no. September 2019, p. 103536, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103536.
W. Zhang, C. Junyu, and X. Luo, “Effects of impressed current density on corrosion induced cracking of concrete cover.” Construction and Building Materials, pp. 213–223, 2019.
M. Seifan, S. Mendoza, and A. Berenjian, “A comparative study on the influence of nano and micro particles on the workability and mechanical properties of mortar supplemented with fly ash,” Buildings, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1–17, 2021, doi: 10.3390/buildings11020060.
M. Khopade and S. V Desale, “Study of Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete with Cement replaced with Aluminum Oxide and Silica Fume,” vol. 8, pp. 767–774, 2020.
K. Ramesh, “An Experimental Study on Effect of Aluminum Oxide on Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Concrete,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 269–271, 2016.
B. R, S. Abdullah Al Wahaibi, and A. N, “An Experimental Study on Effect of Aluminum Oxide on Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Concrete,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 14–19, 2014, doi: 10.53555/eijse.v3i1.39.
KiachehrBehfarnia and NiloofarSalemi, “The effects of nano-silica and nano-alumina on frost resistance of normal concrete,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 48, pp. 580–584, 2013.
R. Alconpat, “Correlations between water absorption, electrical resistivity and compressive strength of concrete with different contents of pozzolan,” vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 152–166, 2020.
R. Kumar, K. Singh, E. Gogna, H. R. Sinha, and A. K. Sahoo, “Comparative analysis of mechanical and water absorption properties of nano/micro-sized alumina filler-based glass-jute hybrid composites,” Int. J. Integr. Eng., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 104–115, 2020.
Nazari and S. Riahi, “Abrasion resistance of concrete containing SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles in different curing media,” Procedia Eng., vol. 43, pp. 2939– 2946, 2001.
G. D. Ransinchung, B. Kumar, and V. Kumar, “Assessment of water absorption and chloride ion penetration of pavement quality concrete admixed with wollastonite and microsilica,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 1168–1177, 2009.
S. Yup, B. Sung, and B. Hwan, “Cement and Concrete Research Effect of crack width on chloride diffusion coef fi cients of concrete by steady-state migration tests,” Cem. Concr. Res., vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 9–19, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.08.018.
G. De Schutter, “Evaluation of water absorption of concrete as a measure for resistance against carbonation and chloride migration,” no. January, 2014, doi: 10.1007/BF02483288.
X. A. and B. T. He, F., C. Shi, Q. Yuan, “‘Calculation of chloride concentration at color change boundary of AgNO3 colorimetric measurement’.,” Cem. Concr. Res. 41(11) 1095-1103., 2011.
F. He, C. Shi, Q. Yuan, C. Chen, and K. Zheng, “‘AgNO3-based colorimetric methods for measurement of chloride penetration in concrete,’” Constr. Build. Mater. 26(1) 1-8., 2012.
O. E. Gjørv, “Durability of Concrete Structures,” no. 123, pp. 151–172, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s13369-010-0033-5.
M. M. Sadawy, “Effect of Al2O3 additives on the corrosion and electrochemical behavior of steel embedded in ordinary Portland cement concrete,” Am. J. Mater. Res. Am. J. Mater. Res., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 53–58, 2014, [Online]. Available: http://www.aascit.org/journal/ajmr
M. B. Otieno, M. G. Alexander, and H. Beushausen, “Corrosion in cracked and uncracked concrete – influence of crack width , concrete quality and crack reopening,” Mag. Concr. Res., vol. 9831, no. 6, pp. 393–404, 2010, doi: 10.1680/macr.2010.62.6.393.
C. I. Khan, R. François, “Mechanical behavior of longterm corroded reinforced concrete beam.,” Proc. Jt. fib-RILEM Work. held Madrid, Spain, vol. 22, pp. 243-259., 2010.
W. Li, W. Liu, and S. Wang, “The Effect of Crack Width on Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Steel in Concrete,” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 2017, 2017, doi: 10.1155/2017/3968578.
C.-M. Aldea, S. P. Shah, and A. Karr, “Effect of cracking on water and chloride permeability on concrete,” ournal Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 181–187., 1999.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nora AL-Anssari, Abbas AL-Ameeri (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
